The basic principles and processes of BMS balanced management
Time：
2025-03-20 16:56
I. Basic Principles of Balancing Management
The balancing management in a Battery Management System (BMS) primarily involves real-time monitoring and control of key parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of individual cells within a battery pack. Its core objective is to ensure proper charge/discharge management for each cell, thereby maintaining the overall stability and extending the lifespan of the battery pack. Through refined balancing strategies, the BMS dynamically adjusts the operating states of individual cells to achieve balanced energy distribution across the battery pack.
The balancing management function of the BMS is implemented by integrating balancing circuits into the battery pack. These circuits flexibly redistribute charge between cells, ensuring each cell operates within optimal conditions. Balancing management encompasses two critical phases:
1. Dynamic Balancing
During charging/discharging, the BMS monitors and controls the state of each cell in real time. When certain cells are overcharged, the balancing circuit discharges excess charge to cells with lower charge levels, maintaining charge balance within the pack. This process is typically managed by advanced control algorithms in the BMS.
2. Static Balancing
When the battery pack is fully charged, the BMS activates static balancing. The balancing circuit redistributes charge from higher-capacity cells to others, ensuring uniform charge distribution. This phase often occurs after prolonged idle periods (no charging/discharging) to maintain long-term stability.
II. Detailed Balancing Management Workflow
The balancing management workflow involves several key steps:
1. Cell State Detection
The BMS continuously monitors critical parameters (e.g., voltage, temperature, state of charge (SOC)) of each cell in the pack.
2. Balancing Condition Assessment
Based on predefined criteria (e.g., voltage/temperature deviations between cells), the BMS determines whether balancing is required.
3. Balancing Control
If balancing is needed, the BMS selects either dynamic or static balancing and adjusts the balancing circuit (e.g., switching control, current regulation).
4. Balancing Effect Monitoring
During balancing, the BMS tracks real-time changes in cell parameters (voltage, temperature) to ensure desired outcomes.
5. Balancing Termination
Once balance is achieved, the BMS halts balancing and enters standby mode until the next triggering condition is met.
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